Excimer laser surgery changes the geometry of the cornea. As a result of such an operation, the human optical system becomes more perfect and the patient no longer needs to use optical correction products (glasses or contact lenses).
It is important to note that during surgical treatment of ametropia, the refractive power of the retina changes, as a result of which the image rays are clearly focused in the area of the macula. At the same time, vision becomes significantly better.
Why does vision decrease?
Refraction refers to the optical power of the entire eye. Refraction is usually expressed in diopters. When this function is impaired, visual acuity decreases, which leads to a decrease in the quality of life.
Astigmatism, myopia and farsightedness are in all cases accompanied by a decrease in visual acuity. Any refractive error leads to the fact that the focal point of the rays is not located in the plane of the retina, but in front of or behind it. Therefore, such patients need correction of visual function using external optical devices (glasses or contact lenses). This necessity can cause some inconvenience and is sometimes not safe.
Among diseases accompanied by refractive error, myopia is the most common. According to statistics, one third of all inhabitants of the Earth suffer from myopia. This disease can be diagnosed at any age, but most often patients with myopia are diagnosed at the age of 8-16 years. In the future, the disease may stabilize or continue to progress. In any case, myopia affects the quality of life, causing discomfort to the patient and therefore requires careful attention from specialists.
It should be noted that any visual impairment requires mandatory correction. Many people believe that when they use glasses to correct vision, visual acuity decreases, but this is not true. On the contrary, if you do not use any correction methods, your eyes can stop working, which will certainly lead to amblyopia over time. In this case, even with perfect vision correction, it will not be 100%
Why do you need laser vision correction?
Due to the fact that many people suffer from refractive abnormalities (farsightedness, astigmatism, myopia), specialists are constantly developing new methods for effective treatment. One of the new methods that are very effective in ametropia is the laser restoration of the visual function.
Despite the fact that both glasses and contact lenses are widespread, easy to use and affordable, every day several thousand people turn to specialists with a request for laser vision correction.
It is quite easy to explain why this happens. Firstly, even the most modern glasses bring some discomfort to their owner. With prolonged wearing, pressure occurs on the bridge of the nose and ears, which is sometimes accompanied by pain. It is also very inconvenient to wear glasses in winter, because with a sudden change in temperature in a warm room, the glasses immediately fog up. In addition, when engaged in active sports, glasses not only cause discomfort, but can be dangerous.
Glasses, like contact lenses, can be forgotten or lost, so prudent people always have an extra pair to replace them.
If you choose the right contact lenses, they will undoubtedly cause less discomfort. For example, the lenses do not fog up, do not put pressure on the bridge of the nose and are comfortable for active activities. However, when any lenses are used, even the most modern ones, the concentration of oxygen in the cells of the cornea decreases. As a result, vessels from the underlying layers begin to grow into the cornea, and dry eye syndrome can also develop over time. In most cases, irreversible changes in the eye occur 5-10 years after the start of using contact lenses. After that, quite often patients have to switch to glasses or look for another alternative.
Laser correction of refractive error helps the patient to give up contact lenses and glasses forever, so this treatment provides a high standard of living.
It is important to know that not all patients are suitable for laser treatment of ametropia. For example, children under the age of 18 cannot undergo laser correction because the growth of their eyeball is not yet complete. For this category of patients, glasses and contact lenses are the only possible way to improve visual acuity. In this case, it is important to wear the lenses correctly so as not to cause irreversible changes in the cornea. The ophthalmologist will help you do this if you visit him regularly and monitor the dynamics of vision changes.
Preoperative preparation for laser vision correction
In order to perform laser vision correction surgery, you must first have a comprehensive ophthalmological examination. During the diagnosis, the doctor evaluates the condition of the eyeball as a whole and all its structures separately. Many important parameters are also measured.
The main diagnostic methods include:
- Visometry, i. e. measurement of visual acuity;
- Pneumotonometry, necessary to determine the value of intraocular pressure;
- Pachymetry, during which the thickness of the cornea is measured;
- Autorefractometry, in which the refraction of the eye is determined automatically;
- Echobiometry needed to measure the length of the eye;
- Perimetry, that is, determining the boundaries of the field of vision;
- Schrimer's test is needed to assess the amount of tear fluid produced;
- Computer-topographic analysis of the cornea, which is a modern method for clarifying the structure of the cornea;
- Examination of the fundus structures after preliminary maximal mydriasis using medicated drops.
After careful preoperative preparation and diagnosis, the doctor can speak with a high degree of certainty about what results the patient can expect after laser correction. This also allows you to avoid the most common complications in the postoperative period.
How is laser vision correction performed?
During the operation, a minimally invasive effect is performed on the substance of the cornea, which leads to a change in the curvature of its surface.
After the doctor corrects the shape of the cornea using an excimer laser, the rays from the image are collected at one point located strictly in the plane of the retina. All methods used in modern medicine are very safe, accurate and provide high visual acuity.
The laser vision correction operation itself lasts on average about 10-15 minutes. During the operation, local anesthesia is used, which is carried out with special eye drops. This allows you to minimize pain both during and after the procedure. After the operation, the patient is observed in the clinic for about an hour and a half. After that, the patient is sent home, having previously given all recommendations. It is important to note that laser vision correction surgery has practically no effect on the patient's rhythm of life, i. e. restrictions in the postoperative period are minimal.
Already at the stage of a complete medical examination, the doctor will give all the explanations regarding the characteristics of the preoperative and recovery period. To systematize this information, there are very convenient reminders in which the patient will find answers to all his questions.
Advantages of excimer laser vision restoration
Vision correction using an excimer laser is a very common procedure that is sought after in all countries.
The advantages of the method include:
- Reliability of results;
- Painless;
- Speed of execution (no more than a quarter of an hour);
- safety;
- Performing manipulations on an outpatient basis;
- A wide range of possibilities;
- Short recovery period;
- Predictable and predictable result with high accuracy;
- No cuts or seams;
- Simplicity and accessibility;
- No further research is needed;
- High performance that lasts a lifetime.
It should be noted that despite the wide possibilities of laser vision correction, this operation does not guarantee the absence of various eye pathologies in the future.
Contraindications for laser vision restoration
Unfortunately, it is not always possible to perform laser correction of visual function. All contraindications for this operation can be divided into two large groups: temporary and permanent. Among the temporary contraindications, the most common are those pathologies of the eye (or the body as a whole) that are reversible. After curing these diseases, it is quite possible to perform laser correction. Temporary contraindications include:
- Progressive myopia, because the refraction is not stable;
- Acute inflammatory changes, both in the eye itself and in other body systems;
- Pregnancy;
- Breastfeeding period;
- Changes in the fundus, including tears and dystrophic changes;
- Degenerative processes in the cells of the cornea.
If there are permanent contraindications, laser vision correction becomes impossible. These include:
- Thin cornea;
- glaucoma;
- Subluxation of the lens;
- Retinal detachment;
- cataract;
- Decompensated diabetes mellitus;
- Previous surgical treatment of retinal detachment.
Interestingly, even if there are absolute contraindications for laser vision correction, you can choose an effective alternative treatment method that will help restore vision.
The main differences between laser surgery and other techniques
Laser correction of refractive error includes several types. After reading the name, most patients do not understand the essence of the operation, as abbreviations or established terms are mostly used. A distinctive feature of REIC and LASIK operations from SuperLASIK is the second stage of the operation, when a femtosecond laser is involved in the process.
The term SuperLASIK used in practice is not entirely correct, as patients may think that the conventional LASIK technique is somehow inferior to it and is inferior. In foreign literature, a more correct term is used (custom LASIK). In translation, this surgery should be called customized LASIK. This is not to say that traditional LASIK surgery has disadvantages. It's just that in some special cases it is preferable to perform SuperLASIK, while in other situations you can limit yourself to simple LASIK surgery. Therefore, when choosing a method for laser vision correction, an individual approach should be used, which takes into account the data of the preoperative examination.
An important difference between FemtoLASIK and traditional laser correction is that the operation is completely non-contact. The first stage, in which the superficial corneal flap is cut with a microkeratome blade, in FemtoLASIK is performed using a femtosecond laser. This technique is quite new, so not enough experience has yet been gained to clearly determine its effectiveness and safety.
A number of doctors believe that the femtosecond laser is much safer than the microkeratome, but other specialists disagree with this statement and prefer the mechanical formation of the flap.
Another new method of laser vision correction is the Smail operation. During this procedure, only a femtosecond laser is used and the stage of forming a surface flap from the corneal tissue is absent. In this case, a refractive section is immediately formed in the deep layers of the cornea. The latter is removed through a minimal incision (2-4 mm) in the superficial layers of the cornea using a special instrument. This incision is also made with a femtosecond laser.
It is very important to understand that vision and eyes are one of the most important tools for human interaction with the outside world. Few people can disagree that a person needs eyes constantly, that is, 365 days a year. That is why it is so important to take care of them from an early age.